Method of and apparatus for working paper stock



A. J. HAUG'. METHOD oF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING PAPER SrocK.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1 Fl LED Nov. 2l 1919.

|| In l UHHHHI Cnr/mf".

n nl hl Jan. 30, 1923.

A. J. HAUG. METHOD oF AND APPARATUS FOR WoRKlNG PAPER STocK 3 SHEETS-SHEET '2 F1 LED Nov. 2l 1919..

I l a I i l Jan. 30, 1923.

A. J. HAUG.

METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS PoR WORKING PAPER STocK 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 FILI-:ID Nov. 2l 1919.

Patented Jan. 3o, 1923. 1,443,410

,. UNITED STATES PATENToFFIcE.

. ANTON J. HAUG', 0F NASHUA, NEW HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNOR T0 IMPROVEDPAPER MACHINERY COMPANY, OF NASHUA; NEW HAli/[PSHIREJ A CORPORATION OF MAINE. A q

METHOD F AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING PAPER STOCK.

, Application filed November 21, 1919. Serial No. 339,565.

To all whomz't may concern.' (herein generally termed paper stock) of Be it known that I, ANTON J. HAUG, a widely different condition such, for eX- citizen of the United States, and a resident ample, as more or less unreduced fibrous/, of Nashua, county of Hillsborough, and material, orv pulp reduced to a more or less 5 State of New Hampshire, have invented an crude state. 55

Improvement in Methods of and Apparatus Referring first to the general character-v for Working Paper Stock, of which the folistics of the machine illustrated in the drawlowing description, in connectionwith the ings', the same includes a body or casing accompanying drawings, is a specification, herein in the form of a cylindrical shell 1 like characters on the drawings representing carried by suitable supports 2 which rest 60 like parts. upon the bed plate or frame 3. rIhe casing This invention relates to methods of and is herein fixed but the same might have a apparatus for working paper stock and hasl movement of rotation either with or withp for its object the provision of improved out the bodily movement of the rolls heremethods and appliances which may be eminafter referred to. A casting or housing 65 ployed in preparing crude pulp from raw 4 secured to one end of lthe casing contains material or in working the crude pulp to a withinLit an inlet chamber to whichv the more refined state or in working over the stock may be introduced through a suitable tailings or residue from screened stock and inlet passage herein leading from an overrendering it usable. head hopper or feed device 5. The stock 70 The invention will best be understood by is progressively advanced from the inlet y reference to the following description when chamber through the casing to a discharge! taken in connection with the accompanying chamber 6, the latter formed withini the illustration of one specic embodiment casting or casing Z secured to the opposite thereof, while its scope will be moreparticend of the cylindrical shell 1, there being 75 ularly pointed out in the appended claims. provided a discharge passage at the bottom .In the drawings i and at one side of the outlet chamber 6 Figure 1 is an elevation, principally in through the discharge pipe or conduit 8 longitudinal section, showing a machine em- (Figs. 2 and Y bodying one form of the invention; On its movement through the casing the 80 Fig. 2 is a transverse, sectional elevation stock is subjected to a succession of reductaken on the line 2-2 in Fig. 1 and looking ing actions by some crushing agency, prefin the direction of the arrows thereon; and erably by the means of rolls. While vari- Fig. 3 is a similar sectionall elevation ous devices may be employed for this purtaken on the line 3 3 in Fig. `1 and looking pose, herein there are provided one or more 85 in the direction of the arrows thereon. lrolls 10 extending lengthwise the cylinder Referring to the drawings and to the emand adapted to bear against the stock disbodiment of the invention therein illus-y tributed over the inner face of the cylinder, trated, I have shown the same exemplified in the rollsbeing carried around the inside of a machine of the general type or class illus the cylinder by, suitable supports so that 90 trated in my prior Patent No. 1,302,469, they arecaused to move bodily in a closed dated April 29, 1919, and intended primaorbital path and roll over and crushv the rily for refining crude `pulp and especially stock in their movements. While any numtailings or rejections from a prior screening ber of rolls and rolls of any desired shape operation, although the same principles and may be employed, herein four similar rolls 95 substantially the same mechanism and ap- 10 are utilized, yarranged ninety degrees pliances may be usefully employed in reapart. These rolls and their supports and ducing raw materials to the form of a crude Ydriving mechanism are substantially simi.- pulp, the machine being capablev of useful lar and the working parts for one roll only employment in connection with materials need be described. The rolls each have at 10i V their opposite endsjournal shafts'11 which` are mounted to `turn in journal boxes 12 car-` ried by revolving spidersl 13 and 14. AEach spider is keyed to the main drive shaft 15, the latter being mounted in the fixed bearings 16' and 17 at opposite ends of the ma chine and being provided' at one end with i the Idriving pulley 18. The journal boxes for opposite ends of each roller are each connected by connections hereinafter described to ,their respective spiders so that they are adapted to move radially outward or inward in suitable guides. The result is that as the spiders 13 and 14 are'rotated by l'the driving'shaft, the rolls are. forced into contact' with the stock `which is distributed over and traveling across the inner surface of the cylindrical shell, such forcible out'-l lated by varying the speed.

ward movement of the rolls being effected either by centrifugal action or the action of The machine as illustrated is preferably continuously, fed, the stock being continu# ously fed through theinlet hopper 5 and continuously delivered through the outletv chamber 6. lIn order progressively to ad- Vance the stock throughthe machine between each reducing action `of the successive rolls, suitable feeding devices are preferably employed.. Thee@ may be of any desired and appropriate type but heref in I have shown secured to the driving shaft aseries of devices whichy form, in

effect, ia .mechanical screw conveyor acting to convey .the material from one end of the machine to the other whil/e subjecting it the repeatedv reducing action of the rolls. Such conveyor devices herein are provided inthe form f inclined or helical vanes 20 suitably cut away to avoid interferences with the' rolls flO. These vanes are formed in units, each unit` being mounted on a hub'21 and the-hubs non-rotatably secured to the driving shaft 15. vSuch a screw conveyor extends longitudinally the drum, beyond the effective portions of the rolls into the inlet chamber so that, as soon as the stock is deliv ered to the latter, it becomes subject to the conveying action of theconveying devices. At the opposite end of the machine in the outlet rchamber 6, blades or paddles 22' are provided, secured to the spider 14E, the blades or paddles rotating'within the chamber and tending to work the material therein'out through the discharge conduit 8. The spider 14 carries a flange 23 4which @verlies the open end of the discharge chamber so as to prevent the escape of the refined-stock therefrom except as it passes out throughthe conduit 8.`

scribedv will lbe readily understood. The

stock on entering the cylinder is subjected to the crushingand reducing actionof onel of the rolls. l Emergingv from beneath the firstI roll, it -is engaged by the approaching part of aconveyor vane 20| which acts not only progressively to advance the material lengthwisel the cylinder before `delivery to the next roll, but` also to scrape up and agitate the material in its flattened sheet-like form and heap it upin front of the next appreaching roll in the form ofa relatively thickened mass.. The material is then'again rolled and crushed by the next adjacent roll and the same action is repeated over and over again, to wit, the reduction` of the material bythe one roll and its progressive conveyance through a predetermined distance lengthwise the cylinder before its succeeding engagement by the next roll. The conveying devices progressively advance the stock between successiive reducing actions lengthwise the rolls, so that the same stock meets the same roll at an advanced position lengthwise the machine. Not only may there be maintaineii an even distribution of the stock over the inner -surface of the' cylinder, but all portions of the stock fed through the apparatus may be subjected substantially to the same reducing actions,

which latter may be 4predetermined 1n amount. f

In machines of this. class where the mate rial is subjected to the crushing action pro'-,

duced by a rolling agency such as the rolls 10, if the frictional contact of the roll upon the materialis relied upon tc turn the rolls,

the roll may at times tend to' slip or lslide over some lof the stock, particularly where the roll meets a thickened mass of stock or a bundle of fibres of different consistency. 'from that of the body of stock. Since the consistency of the 'materiah the amount .of material fed and the uniformity of t-he feed cannot be maintained exactly.y the same at all times, the extent of this slipping action cannot be governed or predetermined and the reducing or refining action of the apparatus upon the fibres may become more or less indeterminate and more or less ineffective. lt has also been found desirableto cause a slight, uniform and predetermined slip between the crushing or rolling agency and the material acted upon, so as to produce va drawing action on the fibres, such drawlng action being found of assistan'cein reducing ingthe rolls, furthermore, at a slightly greater or lesser speed than the speed theyl surface ofthe cylinder. By'positively drivwould have if turned wholly by a true rolling contact with the stock, a constant, uniform and predetermined slip may be had and the slight drawing action referred to may be produced softhat the reducing action results from a combination of the rolling and drawing actions.

While the rolls, if desired, may be driven faster than the natural speed which they would havel if driven by truey rolling contact with the stock, thus getting a forward slip or draw, preferably they are driven at a slower speed, thus producing a backward slip or draw. In the described embodiment of the invention, therefore, driving means are provided for positively turning the rolls at the' same time that they are bodily carriedaround the cylinderby the spiders 13 and 14. Furthermore, the driving gearing is so designed that; the rolls are driven at a lesser speed than they wlould acquire if driven by a true rolling contact against the amount of stock which, under normal operating conditions of the apparatus andl under normal and predetermined conditions of feed, would be distributed over the interior of the cylinder, thus causing them to roll j over the stock but with the slight backward slip or draw. y

If the rolls are designed to turn more slowly than thevspeed at which they would be driven by rolling contact over a circumferential path corresponding to the path determined by the normal quantity of pulp in the cylinder, then, when the machine is being driven without the presence of pulp between the rolls and the cylinder, if the rolls are brought into contact with the cylinder they` will turn with an excessive amountof slip with relation to the cylinder `walls since they are traveling over a circumferential path greater than that normally presented by the stock. To avoid objectionable frictional wear which might result from the idle operation of the machine under such circumstances, such provision is preferably made that while the rolls may be forced outwardly by centrifugal force against the pulp while the latter is being fed through the cylinder, alimit is provided for this outward movement, so that, under normal conditions, when there is no pulp in the machine, a clearance is main,- tained between the rolls and the inner surface of the drum, this keeping the-rolls, out of Contact with the drum. This clearance may be relatively small so that the effective action of the rolls againstv the stock when limiting devices are employed in the form of heavy springs which limit the outward movement of the rolls. T\hese springs are preferably so adjustedl that they normally maintain the Aclearance between the rolls and the drum but relieve the bearings of each roll from the effect of shocks which might arise from a sudden voutward jump of th'eJ roll occurring, for example, from the passage of the roll over a large or thickened mass of stock or over knots or other obstructions which would force the rolls inwardly and then permit them to move quickly outward.

Referring now to the details of construction which provide for'the conditions herein above referred to, eac-h journal bok 12A is mounted in trunnions 30 (see Fig. 3) which are supported in a bearing yoke 31, the latter adapted to slide in parallel guides 32, four sets of such parallel guides being lcarried by each one of the spiders 13 and 14. As the spiders rotate and the rolls move round the interior of the drum, the bearing yokes tend to move outward in the guides under centrifugal action, the rolls being thus forced against the stock on the inner surface rof the drum.. When the machine is at rest or slowed down, the rolls are pre'- ventedfrom droppingby means. of the `springs 33 each of which is seated v'between an appropriate projection on the bearing yoke and a similar projection on the hub of the spider. These springs may be utilized to assist centrifugal action in forcing the rolls against the drum or may be relatively light and strong enough only to take-- the weight of the rolls.

To yieldably limit the outward movement of the rolls. the outer wall of each bearing box for each end of the roll, when in its outward position with the machine operating at its normal speed, is broughtjin-to contact with the head of a stud 34 which is supported by the spider and so located that it maintains the required clearance between the roll and the inner surface of the shell. The head of the stud rests against a heavy spring 35 contained within'the spring box 36. the latter ixedly secured (Fig. 3) to the guide arms 32 of the spider. The end of the stud is threaded and carries a washer with adjusting nuts 37, so that the head of the stud cannot move inwardly beyond a certain, predetermined, adjustable position. The spring being designed of sufficient strength. this definitely limits the position of the roll under normal working conditions, atfording the -desired clearance. At the same time the stud is adapted to yield slightly under any sudden abnormal outward thrust so that the resulting shock is taken offv from the bearings and taken up by the stock on the inner surface of the Ydrum or by the drum if stock is absent.

To lubricate the bearing boxes 12, the latter are provided with oil passages'lO which extend radially with relation to the drive shaft and face small oiling devices 41 arranged around the periphery of an oil chamber contained within the annular sleeve or casing 42, the latter being-.bolted to the spider at 43--43 etc.y (See Fig. '3.)

Any suitable means may be employed tol positively turn the rolls but herein eachl roll shaft 11 `carries at each opposite end a pinion 50, the pinions at one end meshing with the teeth of an internal gear 51 and at the.

opposite end with the teeth of a similar gear 52. The gear member 51 is bolted to a casing 53' which is securedto the inlet end of the main shell or 'drum and encloses the bearing parts for the rolls and their drivinggearing. At the opposite end the gearing member 52 is enclosed within a similar' casino' 54 which is secured to the 'end of the outlet ehambercasing 7 and encloses the bearings and drivinggearing for the oppo',F site ends of the rolls. The dimensions of the internal7 gears and their cooperating' pinions are selected to give the desired turning movement of the rolls which will produce the backward slip referred to; and the teeth ofthe gearing are so designed in accordance with the well understood principles of gearing as to permit the necessary vinward and outward movement of the rolls and their driving pinions in relation to the internal driving gearwithout affecting the' operative driving relation thereof.

The effectiveness of the refining or reducing action is substantially increased by a constant and uniform feed of stock having a substantially uniform consistency. In

' order to assist the uniformity of feed, the

hopper 5 near its delivery end maybe provided with means such as the rotary feeding ,device carrying the radial lprojecting feeding fingers 61 which assist in-the delivery of the stock to the inletchamber and also in :the checking of any tendency toward y an excess delivery as well as assisting inv breaking up any thick masses or bunches of stock. The rotary feed-device is mounted' transversely (see Fig. 2) Nthe hopper and A carries at its outer end the beveled gear 62 which meshes with a corresponding gear (not shown) driven by the pulley 63 which, in turn, may be driven by a belt (not shown) from the pulley 64 on, the main drive shaft. The fingersl'on the rotary feed device constitute stock feeding and separating devices.

and may cooperate with other members such as the fingers 65 (see Fig. `2) projecting from the stationary guide plate 66. l The moved to different angular positions, thereby adjusting the plate upv o'r vdown in the hopper and causing the stationary fingers 65 to enter to a greater or less extent vbetween the rotary teeth 61 on the feeding device or to be withdrawn beyond their circumferential path, .if desired.` 'By means of the ad-.v

justable plate 66, 'the rateof feed may be regulated within certain limits. The connections of thev rolls to the bearing yokes 31 permit the rollsfto'tip slightly,

as' may be required, relatively to an axis' of the machine so that the `rolls can yada-pt themselves to inequalities or unevenness in the stockv and particularly to take care of the 'coarser condition of the stock at the inlet end.

.l It will be obvious that inthe broad aspect of the invention various other agencies and appliances may beemployed for producing the crushing and the rollingv action herein described, and that the invention is not limited to the number, form or construction. of the crushingagencies or the shape or ar-v rangement ofthe 'body or ,casing of the ap.

paratus or to the respective location of the y crushing agencies o'r-their'relative or actual `movements, Ybut vthat various modifications f in the form and arrangement of parts may be employed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims:

" 1. In a machine forworking paper stock or other material, the'. combination with a stock-receiving surface of one or more rolls, means for moving each roll bodily over the stock upon said `surface and means for positively turning the roll while in contact with the stock. l 1'-, i '2. In a machine'forworking paper stock or other material, the combination. with a stockreceiving surface of a roll', meansv for moving the roll bodily over the stocli upon v 'said surface, means for positively turning the roll as it contacts with the stock and means for progressively on the surface.

'3.- In a machine for working paper stock or other material, the combinationA with a Astock-receiving surface of a roll, meansrfor moving the roll bodilyover -the'stock upon said surface, meansfo'rpositively turningv advancing the stock.

the roll as it contacts with the stock-and means for progressively advancing the stock on the surface lengthwise the roll.- 1

4. In a machine lfor working paper stock. the combination with a cylindrical casing of one or more rolls extending lengthwise the casing, means for vrepeatedly presenting; paper sto-cir to the same roll in said casing init at d1fferent, progressively advanced,

points 'in its length, means for moving the'g'l roll bodily around the casingand means for positively turning the roll as it lis moved.

5. A. machine for working, paper stock or' other material wherein the material is fed chine and driving means for positively turning each roll as it is moved.

6. 'In a machine for reducing materials, the com'bination with a materials-receivingsurface of rolling devices to subjectthewrnaterial thereon to successive crushings, means for moving said rolling means bodily over said surface, means for positively turning said rolling means and independent feeding means to advance the material on said'surface between successive crushings.

7. In a machine for working paper stoel: or other material, the combination with a materials-receiving surface of one or more rolls, means for moving the rolls bodily over the stock upon said surface and means for positively driving the rolls at a speed different from that corresponding to the speed determined by true rollingcontact with the stock.

8, ln a machine for working paper stock or other material, the combination with a materials-receiving casing of a roll, means for moving said roll in an orbital path over the stock upon thel surface of. said casing and means for turning the roll while so moved to provide a predetermined slip with relation' to the stock.

9. ln an apparatus for working paper stock or other material, the combination with a materials-receiving surfaceV of a roll and means for moving said roll in an orbital path relatively over the material with a predetermined slip.

10. A machine for working paper stock having a cylindrical casing, a roll adapted to Vbe moved around the casing in contact with the stock contained onthe surface thereof,

means for imparting tosaid roll in its move-- ment a predetermined slip withvrelation to the material.

11. The method of working paper stock which consists in moving a rolling agency in an orbital path over the stock Aand causing the rolling agency to slip with relation to the stock. 12. -rlhe method of working paper stock which consists in Amoving a rolling agency in an orbital path overthe stock and causing the rolling agency vto slip backward with relation tothe stock. y

13. A machine for Working paper stock having a casing, one or more rolls within the casing, bearings for each ofsaid rolls, means for moving the bearings to carry the rolls in an orbital path within the casing and means to positively turn the rolls in their movement v.

14.' In a machine for workhig paper stock, the combination with a casing of one or more rolls, supports'or bearings therefor for carrying said Arolls in an orbital path within the casing and While in contact with stock therein, and means to turn the rolls while so moved at a speed less than the speed which would be determined by rolling contact with the stock.

y15. In a machine for Working paper stock, y the combination with a cylindrical shelll having an inlet and an outletof one or more rolls extending lengthwise the shell and in working proximity to the inner surface thereof, Lsupports for the rolls, means to move the su ports relatively to theshell to produce relative movement between the rolls andthe stock in the cylinder, means for positively turning said rolls at a speed different from that determined by rolling contact with the stock and conveying devices to advance the stock from the inlet toward the outlet.

16. 1n a machine for working paper stock, the combination with a materials-receiving surface of one `or more rolls mounted in working proximity to said surface, means for causing bodily rolling movement between the rolls and the surface transversely the latter, ldevices for positively turning the tween successive rolling actions lengthwise the surface.

17 1n a machine for working paper stock,

the combination with a cylindrical casing of one or more rolls with supporting means therefor on which said rolls are adapted to travelA through an orbital path through the interior of said casing, said rolls being supported to permit a radial inward and outward movement under varlations 1n centri- Ifugal force and means for positively turning said rolls during their movement.

18. 1n a machine for working paper stock,

the combination with a cylindrical casing having an inlet and an outlet of one or'mor'e rolls within said casing, rotary supporting means for said rolls adaptedto rotate about an axis coinciding with the axis of the casing While supporting saidrolls at one side of said axis, guides upon sa1d supporting means to permit inward and outward l ing while supporting said. rolls at one side of said axis, guides u on said supporting meansto perm1t.inwar and outward movement of said rolls, drlvlng gea-ring for positively turning said rolls in their movement and means for positively limiting the outward movement o-f the rolls. j

20. In a`machine for working paper stock, a casing, one ormore rolls within the casing, al journal box for each opposite end of each roll, a rotary support carrying radial guides for each journal box, a driving pinion forY eac-h roll and a driving gear engaging said pinion. Y

21. In a stock-working machine, the -combination with a cylinder of a roll adapted to move in working proximity to the inner surface of the cylinder and supported to permit a radial inward and outward movement and means for limiting the outward movement i 'y of the roll vto provide a clearance between lthe same andthe inner surface of the cylinde'r. S

22. In a machine for working paper stock,

a cylinder, a roll adaptedv to move in working proximity to the surface thereof and supported to permit a radial inward and outward movement of the rroll, and means to yieldably limitA the outward movement of the-rou. s

23. A machine for working paper stock having a casing providedwith an inlet and an outlet, stock-crushing means within the casing, feeding means to convey the stock from the inlet to the outlet between each successive crushinggaction and means to regulate the delivery ,of'stock to the inletend of the machine,

24. A machine for working paper stock having a casing provided 'with an inlet chamber anda discharge chamber, one` or -more` rollsfwithin the casing to subject the stock to successive rolling actions, feeding devices to conveyV the stock step by step from one end`of the .casing to the other and feeding devicesalso within said inlet and discharge chambers.

25. A; machine for vworking paperI stockl having a casing provided with an inlet and an outlet, means within the casing to subject the stock to alternate crushing and conveying actions and separating devices at Vthe, inlet to separate the stock feed'thereto.

26. In a machine for reducing or refining paper stock, the combination with rolling means of feeding means anda rotary stockseparating device having radial projections located at the inletend of the machine in the path of the incoming stock.

27. In a machine for reducing or refining mounted in journals to permit tipping lmovement lengthwise its axis. c

29. In a machine 'for workingwpaper stock, the combination with the casing vof one or more rolls working within the casing,

a rotary support for moving said rolls within the casing, journals for each roll and a connection between each journal and its rotary support permitting tipping movement l ofthe roll.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specication. f

- ANTON J. HAUG.

refin- 

